The principle is :
Heat can only flow from a warmer place to a cooler place
The heat source is the sun. The sun irradiates the the Earth’s surface. As a first order principle, all of this heat has to return to space.
One of the things controlling the temperature is the efficiency of the atmosphere at returning the heat to space. If the atmosphere completely blocked the passage of heat, the earth’s surface would keep heating from solar radiation and get extremely hot. If the atmosphere provided no resistance to the passage of heat, the temperature would be cold.
Greenhouse gases are one of the factors which influence the atmosphere’s efficiency at returning the sun’s heat to the upper atmosphere, and thus help regulate the temperature of the atmosphere.
The heat source is the sun. Greenhouse gases are part of the thermostat. An increase in greenhouse gases will tend to raise the temperature near the surface, because they reduce the efficiency of the atmosphere at moving heat upwards through the lower levels of the atmosphere.
Now look at the principle again :
Heat can only flow from a warmer place to a cooler place
That is true, and it in no way supports the absolutely ridiculous claim that greenhouse gases can’t increase the temperature of the Earth’s surface. The heat source is the sun, which is continuously providing heat to the Earth. Of course the temperature can go up.
Don’t conflate heat flow and temperature. They are different beasts.
As to the actual total effect of adding CO2, that is an interesting, separate, and much more complex discussion, A discussion which can’t be had while some skeptics are spreading complete bullshit claiming that greenhouse gases don’t exist.






