One of the funnier claims about TOBS is that the frequency of 100 degree temperatures in the 1930’s was due to double counting at stations which reset their thermometers in the afternoon.
I put that to the test by identifying all of the stations which reset their thermometers at times other than between 2PM and 8PM on July 15, 1936, and calculating the frequency of 100 degree temperatures at those 329 stations. The result is essential identical as I get for all stations. There is no evidence of double counting. The 1930s were much hotter.
Same is true for 90 degree days. The 1930s were much hotter. No one can claim that these stations reported maximum temperatures too high due to TOBS.
Summer maximum temperatures at those same stations were much hotter in the 1930s, and have been declining for over 100 years, showing once again that the claims about TOBS strongly affecting maximum temperatures are nonsense.
At some point it will become obvious to everyone that the USHCN temperature adjustments which reverse the long term cooling trend in the US, are bogus and junk science.
Here is the station list :
All of these stations reset their thermometers at times not between 14:00 and 20:00 on July 15, 1936.
FAIRHOPE 2 NE AL
AJO AZ
CHILDS AZ
FT VALLEY AZ
GRAND CANYON NP 2 AZ
LEES FERRY AZ
MIAMI AZ
PARKER AZ
PRESCOTT AZ
ROOSEVELT 1 WNW AZ
SACATON AZ
SAFFORD AGRICULTRL C AZ
SAINT JOHNS AZ
TUCSON WFO AZ
WICKENBURG AZ
WILLIAMS AZ
YUMA CITRUS STN AZ
GRAVETTE AR
BERKELEY CA
BLYTHE CA
CEDARVILLE CA
CHULA VISTA CA
CUYAMACA CA
DAVIS 2 WSW EXP FARM CA
FAIRMONT CA
FARMVILLE 2 N VA
HANFORD 1 S CA
HEALDSBURG CA
INDEPENDENCE CA
LODI CA
MERCED CA
NEWPORT BEACH HARBOR CA
ORLAND CA
ORLEANS CA
PASO ROBLES CA
QUINCY CA
SAN LUIS OBISPO POLY CA
SUSANVILLE 2SW CA
TAHOE CITY CA
TEJON RANCHO CA
TUSTIN IRVINE RCH CA
WILLOWS 6 W CA
YREKA CA
FT COLLINS CO
FT MORGAN CO
TRINIDAD CO
MILFORD 2 SE DE
APALACHICOLA AIRPOR FL
BARTOW FL
BELLE GLADE FL
FT LAUDERDALE FL
FT PIERCE FL
LAKE CITY 2 E FL
OCALA FL
PERRINE 4W FL
TARPON SPGS SEWAGE P FL
BAINBRIDGE INTL PAPE GA
EASTMAN 1 W GA
GLENNVILLE 3NW GA
HAWKINSVILLE GA
MILLEDGEVILLE GA
NEWNAN 5N GA
QUITMAN 2 NW GA
TIFTON GA
WEST POINT GA
ARROWROCK DAM ID
CAMBRIDGE ID
DWORSHAK FISH HATCH ID
FENN RS ID
HOLLISTER ID
KELLOGG ID
OAKLEY ID
PAYETTE ID
SALMON-KSRA ID
MCLEANSBORO IL
WALNUT IL
DELPHI 2 N IN
PAOLI IN
SALEM IN
SHOALS 8 S IN
CHARLES CITY IA
ESTHERVILLE 4E IA
FOREST CITY 2 NNE IA
COLUMBUS KS
INDEPENDENCE KS
LARNED KS
MANHATTAN KS
SAINT FRANCIS KS
WAKEENEY KS
FRANKFORT DOWNTOWN KY
ALEXANDRIA LA
BASTROP LA
FRANKLIN 3 NW LA
PLAIN DEALING 4 W LA
EASTPORT ME
LEWISTON ME
WOODLAND ME
CUMBERLAND 2 MD
MILLINGTON 1 SE MD
PRINCESS ANNE MD
AMHERST MA
BEDFORD MA
GREAT BARRINGTON 2N MA
LAWRENCE MA
PLYMOUTH-KINGSTON MA
ALLEGAN 5NE MI
ANN ARBOR U OF MICH MI
FAYETTE 4 SW MI
MIDLAND MI
CHASKA MN
DETROIT LAKES 1 NNE MN
GRAND MEADOW MN
MORRIS WC EXP STN MN
NEW ULM 2 SE MN
PIPESTONE MN
CANTON 4N MS
GREENVILLE MS
HATTIESBURG 5SW MS
KOSCIUSKO MS
NATCHEZ MS
PONTOTOC EXP STN MS
STATE UNIV MS
APPLETON CITY MO
CLINTON MO
FARMINGTON MO
JEFFERSON CITY WTP MO
LAMAR 2W MO
LEBANON 2W MO
LEES SUMMIT REED WR MO
LEXINGTON 3E MO
MEXICO MO
MOBERLY MO
MTN GROVE 2 N MO
SPICKARD 7 W MO
UNIONVILLE MO
ANACONDA MT
CHINOOK MT
FORKS 4 NNE MT
FT ASSINNIBOINE MT
FORTINE 1 N MT
HUNTLEY EXP STN MT
KALISPELL GLACIER AP MT
MOCCASIN EXP STN MT
PLEVNA MT
ALLIANCE 1WNW NE
ASHLAND NO 2 NE
ATKINSON 3SW NE
BEATRICE 1N NE
BROKEN BOW 2 W NE
CRETE NE
FAIRBURY 5S NE
FAIRMONT NE
FRANKLIN NE
IMPERIAL NE
LODGEPOLE NE
NORTH LOUP NE
OAKDALE NE
PURDUM NE
WEEPING WATER NE
AUSTIN #2 NV
FALLON EXP STN NV
MCGILL NV
MINA NV
WELLS NV
BOONTON 1 SE NJ
INDIAN MILLS 2 W NJ
MOORESTOWN NJ
FT SUMNER NM
LAS VEGAS WWTP NM
MTN PARK NM
TUCUMCARI 4 NE NM
TULAROSA NM
BATAVIA NY
ELMIRA NY
GLENHAM NY
INDIAN LAKE 2SW NY
ITHACA CORNELL UNIV NY
LAKE PLACID 2 S NY
LITTLE FALLS MILL ST NY
LOWVILLE NY
OSWEGO EAST NY
SETAUKET STRONG NY
STILLWATER RSVR NY
TROY L&D NY
TUPPER LAKE SUNMOUNT NY
WALDEN 1 ESE NY
WALES NY
WEST POINT NY
YORKTOWN HEIGHTS 1W NY
ALBEMARLE NC
ELIZABETH CITY NC
KINSTON 7 SE NC
SMITHFIELD NC
TARBORO 1 S NC
WAYNESVILLE 1 E NC
BOTTINEAU ND
CROSBY ND
DICKINSON EXP STN ND
DUNN CENTER 1E ND
FT YATES 4 SW ND
FULLERTON 1 ESE ND
JAMESTOWN STATE HOSP ND
LANGDON EXP FARM ND
LISBON ND
MANDAN EXP STN ND
NAPOLEON ND
NEW ENGLAND ND
RICHARDTON ABBEY ND
FINDLAY WPCC OH
HILLSBORO OH
JEFFERSON OK
MUTUAL OK
BEND OR
BROOKINGS 2 SE OR
CONDON OR
FREMONT 5 NW OR
HEPPNER OR
MC MINNVILLE OR
PILOT ROCK 1 SE OR
ROSEBURG KQEN OR
TILLAMOOK OR
VALE OR
FRANKLIN PA
NEW CASTLE 1 N PA
PALMERTON PA
READING 4 NNW PA
RIDGWAY PA
STROUDSBURG PA
ANDERSON SC
CHERAW SC
COLUMBIA UNIV OF SC SC
CONWAY SC
DARLINGTON SC
GREENWOOD SC
KINGSTREE SC
ORANGEBURG 2 SC
SUMMERVILLE 4W SC
YEMASSEE SC
DUPREE SD
FAULKTON 1 NW SD
FORESTBURG 4 NNE SD
GANN VALLEY 4NW SD
MILBANK 4 NW SD
OAHE DAM SD
RAPID CITY 4NW SD
COPPERHILL TN
CROSSVILLE ED & RESE TN
DOVER 1 W TN
MURFREESBORO 5 N TN
NEWPORT 1 NW TN
UNION CITY TN
ALBANY TX
ALICE TX
ALPINE TX
BALLINGER 2 NW TX
BALMORHEA TX
BLANCO TX
BOYS RANCH TX
BRENHAM TX
BROWNWOOD 2ENE TX
CATARINA TX
CORSICANA TX
CROSBYTON TX
DANEVANG 1 W TX
DUBLIN 2SE TX
EAGLE PASS 3N TX
ENCINAL TX
FALFURRIAS TX
GREENVILLE KGVL RADI TX
HASKELL TX
LAMPASAS TX
LLANO TX
LULING TX
MCCAMEY TX
MEXIA TX
MIAMI TX
MULESHOE #1 TX
NEW BRAUNFELS TX
PECOS TX
QUANAH 2 SW TX
RIO GRANDE CITY TX
SNYDER TX
TEMPLE TX
WEATHERFORD TX
ALTON UT
DESERET UT
ESCALANTE UT
FILLMORE UT
FT DUCHESNE UT
HEBER UT
LEVAN UT
LOGAN UTAH ST UNIV UT
PANGUITCH UT
ST GEORGE UT
SCIPIO UT
UTAH LAKE LEHI UT
BREMO BLUFF VA
CHARLOTTESVILLE 2W VA
DALE ENTERPRISE VA
PENNINGTON GAP VA
PIEDMONT RSCH STN VA
ROCKY MT VA
STAUNTON WATER TRMTM VA
WILLIAMSBURG 2 N VA
BLAINE WA
CEDAR LAKE WA
LONG BEACH EXP STN WA
ODESSA WA
POMEROY WA
PORT ANGELES WA
PULLMAN 2 NW WA
RAYMOND 2 S WA
RITZVILLE 1 SSE WA
SUNNYSIDE WA
WATERVILLE WA
WENATCHEE WA
WILBUR WA
SPENCER WV
HANCOCK EXP FARM WI
MANITOWOC WI
ALTA 1 NNW WY
COLONY WY
GREEN RIVER WY
MIDWEST WY
NEWCASTLE WY
SARATOGA WY
SHERIDAN FLD STA WY
WORLAND WY
YELLOWSTONE PK MAMMO WY
It will not become “obvious” until the government money stops flowing.
Paging Tom Karl, paging Tom Karl; you are wanted on the witness stand …
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_R._Karl
Ot only a few weeks left in the peak of the Greenland peak melt season left.
Normal melt in a positive AMO phase.
https://mobile.twitter.com/NJSnowFan/status/489227439416311808
Interesting … thanks for posting njs
Climatologists would get a better handle on climate change if they did a few things:
1. Only use the daily maximum temperatures to measure trends. This avoids the TOBS correction and minimizes the effects of UHIs, but does not completely remove the UHI effect.
2. Don’t do any interpolation or extrapolation.
3. Use equal area grid boxes rather than 5×5 degree boxes.
4. Use absolute temperatures (Kelvin). If the final global temperature is found to fluctuate wildly after doing all the above, then they should just admit that the spatial sampling is inadequate to measure global temperature changes.
Perhaps some correction could be made for the UHI, but that is tricky. It is better to just use really rural locations that have remained in the same location, but unfortunately there may only be a half dozen of these stations worldwide and as far as I know, none of them show any trend in temperature.
If they spent 1/100th of the money they currently spend on “climate change” improving & verifying temperature stations they might have a clue what’s going on with temperatures worldwide. The fact that they haven’t is sufficient evidence for me to conclude that they honestly don’t want to know what the temperatures really are, because that would puncture their balloon.
Who is Tom Karl?
“New Climate Agency Head Tried to Suppress Data, Critics Charge”
http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/02/22/tom-karl-tried-to-suppress-data-critics-charge/
Whole article:
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The scientist who has been put in charge of the Commerce Department’s new climate change office is coming under attack from both sides of the global warming debate over his handling of what they say is contradictory scientific data related to the subject.
Thomas Karl, 58, was appointed to oversee the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center, an ambitious new office that will collect climate change data and disseminate it to businesses and communities.
According to Commerce Secretary Gary Locke, the office will “help tackle head-on the challenges of mitigating and adapting to climate change. In the process, we’ll discover new technologies, build new businesses and create new jobs.”
Karl, who has played a pivotal role in key climate decisions over the past decade, has kept a low profile as director of National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) since 1998, and he has led all of the NOAA climate services since 2009. His name surfaced numerous times in leaked “climate-gate” e-mails from the University of East Anglia, but there was little in the e-mails that tied him to playing politics with climate data. Mostly, the e-mails show he was in the center of the politics of climate change decisions
According to a school biography published by Northern Illinois University, Karl shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Al Gore and other leading scientists based on his work at the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and he was “one of the 10 most influential researchers of the 1990s who have formed or changed the course of research in a given area.”
His appointment was hailed by both the Sierra Club and Duke Energy Company of North Carolina. Sierra Club President Carl Pope said, “As polluters and their allies continue to try to muddy the waters around climate science, the Climate Service will provide easy, direct access to the valuable scientific research undertaken by government scientists and others.” And Duke Energy CEO Jin Rogers said the new office, under Karl, will “spark the consensus we need to move forward.”
But Roger Pielke Sr., a climatologist affiliated with the University of Colorado who has crossed horns with Karl in the past, says his appointment was a mistake. He accused Karl of suppressing data he submitted for the IPCC’s most recent report on climate change and having a very narrow view of its causes.
The IPCC is charged with reviewing scientific data on climate change and providing policy makers and others with an assessment of current knowledge.
Pielke said he agrees that global warming is happening and that man plays a significant role in it, but he said there are many factors in addition to the release of carbon into the atmosphere that need to be studied to fully understand the phenomenon. He said he resigned from the IPCC in August 2005 because his data, and the work of numerous other scientists, were not included in its most recent report.
In his resignation letter, Pielke wrote that he had completed the assessment of current knowledge for his chapter of the report, when Karl abruptly took control of the final draft. He said the chapter he had nearly completed was then rewritten with a too-narrow focus.
One of the key areas of dispute, he said, was in describing “recent regional trends in surface and tropospheric temperatures,” and the impact of land use on temperatures. It is the interpretation of this data on which the intellectual basis of the idea of global warming hangs.
In an interview, Pielke reiterated that Karl “has actively opposed views different from his own.” And on his Web site last week, he said Karl’s appointment “assures that policy makers will continue to receive an inappropriately narrow view of our actual knowledge with respect to climate science.”
He said the people who run the agencies in charge of climate monitoring are too narrowly focused, and he worries that the creation of the new office “would give the same small group of people the chance to speak on the issue and exclude others” whose views might diverge from theirs.
Responding to the criticism, Karl told the Washington Post, “the literature doesn’t show [Pielke’s] ideas about the importance of land use are correct.”
Calls to The Commerce Department and to Karl’s office went unanswered.
The IPCC in recent weeks has come under severe criticism after e-mails, hacked from a prestigious climate center, revealed some of the political infighting that occurred as its assessments were being put together and called into question its impartiality.
Climate change skeptics, meanwhile, say Karl’s appointment was unnecessary and pulls scarce resources from more pressing needs.
“The unconstitutional global warming office and its new Web site climate.gov would be charged with propagandizing Americans with eco-alarmism,” wrote Alex Newman of the Liberty Sentinel of Gainesville, Fla.
On the popular skeptic site “Watts Up With That,” Anthony Watts called the climate.gov site a “waste of more taxpayer money” and charged that it is nothing more than a “fast track press release service.” He wrote that putting Karl in charge was an issue, because he had fabricated photos of “floods that didn’t happen” in an earlier NOAA report.
– – – – – –
Karl, a fine man to have in that new position, if you are into data-coverups and need an experienced ‘wheel-man’ to drive the get-away TOBS vehicle …
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“Pielke said he agrees that global warming is happening and that man plays a significant role in it…”
>>>>>>>
Warmists play Pielke for all he is worth. Global warming is not happening any more (the 1980s-1990s warming is over), and AGW was NEVER happening. Unfortunately, Pielke believes in the “magic gas”, despite all the “real science” to the contrary.
Learn: IR Spectroscopy; it’s not just a figment of somebody’s imagination.
Ppl like geran would never understand another concept used in microwave ‘circuit’ analysis which does not make use of voltages or currents but rather the direction and ‘vector’ of EM energy, to wit: S-parameters (formally Scattering Matrix Parameters).
Look it up geran. And learn; don’t be such an unknowing lump.
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bj, try to warm your bed with ice cubes this winter.
Learn, geran. Don’t be such a lump.
Besides, you miss the point of the article, dummy.
Geez … Thinking about it again now, I actually *want* you on my team, down near the targets though …
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bj, I know this can be frustrating for you, but try not to throw one of your usual tantrums.
This example is a good analogy to the false science of CO2 “back radiation”. This winter, turn off your heat. Open your windows and let the room temperature drop to about 40ºF. Then, get a bucket or two of ice cubes and put under your blankets. One cube, 16″ on a side, will have a surface area of about 1 square meter. The ice, at a temp of 25ºF, will be emitting close to 300 Watts/sq. meter.
If that is not warm enough for you, just add more ice….
Who is Tom Karl?
From: http://climateaudit.org/2007/05/31/tom-karls-station-adjustments/
Tom Karl’s Station Adjustments
by Steve McIntyre
May 31, 2007 at 1:56 PM
The USHCN Station History Adjustment procedure is credited to Tom Karl in
Karl and Williams 1987. Karl has been very prominent in the IPCC movement. That’s not to say that the potential adjustment is wrong or unjustified, but that the adjustment needs to be scrutinized with the same care as one would scrutinize an adjustment by, say, Briffa, Jones or Mann.
– – – –
MORE – see link at CA above. See also the Karl and Williams paper linked above.
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Wait, but what about those 97%ers we keep hearing about, proving fact by consensus?? Are you saying… they’re lying to us… for profit and professional perks?? Unheard of!!